Have you ever wondered why certain language offends us,
while sometimes curse and swear words seem undeniably necessary to get a point
across? A new book examines the psychology, law, and lifestyle associated with
taboo words, raising many provocative points. For Fucks Sake: Why
Swearing Is Shocking, Rude, & Fun, by Rebecca Roache, shows how by
being able to cause offense by swearing is an important way of being accepted
and respected as equals by others.
Roache, a philosophy lecturer in London, seems to enjoy pushing
the leader into giving deeper thought to something people just seem to do – or avoid
– without deep thought attached to it.
When we look at how swearing can be formally prohibited,
censored, punished, or frowned upon, we come to see many contradictions. Swear
words can be magical, hysterical, and quite appropriate in certain situations. “Sometimes,
the author notes,” there is no better way to make the point you are making –
emphasize, insult, or just plain offend – than to use a swear.”
Indeed. Swearing can lead to fighting, understanding,
jail, lawsuits, laughter, resentment, agreement, and a variety of feelings and
responses.
Below are some selected excerpts from the book:
1. Swearing's unique role in expressing emotion, and the unique way in
which our brains process swearing, make it unsurprising that sometimes only a
swear word will do. A common objection to swearing is that it is unnecessary;
that we always have the alternative of finding a more decorous way of
expressing ourselves. Aside from being an odd reason to object to swearing-how
much of anything we say is necessary, really? —it is also mistaken. When we
swear, we are not choosing one of many available, equally satisfactory
expressions, as we do when we choose to say, Lovely weather, isn't it'? rather
than 'Nice day, isn't it'? Swearing enables us to express what cannot be
expressed using inoffensive words. As such, far from being unnecessary in such
cases, swearing is absolutely necessary. As Mark Twain reportedly commented,
'The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the
difference between lightning and a lightning bug.
2.
There's another sense, too, in which we sometimes talk of swearing being
appropriate. This sense has to do with a recognition that swearing is sometimes
the best way to express some-thing. Someone who, with dawning horror, exclaims
'Oh, fuck!' on arriving home to find their house ablaze might be thought to be
swearing appropriately-because isn't this speaker likely to be experiencing
exactly the sort of intense emotion that swearing is uniquely placed to
express? Judging this sort of swearing to be appropriate has nothing to do with
etiquette or other norms; rather, the thought is that the swearing is
psychologically or linguistically appropriate.?
There
are, then, various ways in which swearing can be appropriate, not all of which
involve its being demanded by etiquette. This is a pretty intuitive,
commonsensical point, and doesn't need much explanation. Things are more
complex (and interesting) when we try to account for what makes the difference
between inappropriate and not inappropriate swearing.
3.
While the quick and harsh sound of swear words doesn't alone explain their
offensiveness, it is certainly a factor in determining which words catch on and
go through the offence escalation process to end up as swear words. This has to
do with the way swear words are used. We've already noted that, often but not
always, we use swear words to vent emotion, and that some sounds are more
suited to this purpose than others. This point is not unique to the language we
use: just as some sounds are more suited than others to enabling us to vent our
anger, some general behaviors are more suited than others to this purpose. It
is easier to vent anger, frustration, and other strong emotions if we can
shout, frown, stand up, throw our arms about, and point an accusing finger than
if we must whisper, smile, lie down, and gently cradle a sleeping kitten. We
tend towards making quick, harsh sounds when expressing our anger for the same
reasons that we tend to shout and point.
4.
Body language, too, makes a difference to the offensiveness of swearing.
Pairing swearing with aggressive body language-jabbing a finger at the person
were speaking to, standing very close to them, shaking a fist, and so on— makes
swearing a more serious matter. Our body language can reduce the offensiveness
of what we say, too. This is something that's explicitly recognized in US law:
the judgement in Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire includes the remark that, to count
as 'fighting words, our provocative speech needs to be delivered without a
disarming smile.
5.
You might not agree with some of my conclusions; indeed, I'd be astonished if
you were to find my entire argument-which is, in a nutshell, that the
offensiveness of swearing isn't about the words at all— uncontroversial. My
hope is that I might inspire you to reflect on these issues, discuss them with
others, draw your own conclusions, and gain some insight into how and why you
and others use and respond to swearing in the way that you do. But
disentangling these issues is about more than merely satisfying intellectual
curiosity. It has important practical implications too.Our attitudes and
responses to swearing shape society and culture in ways that run deep—and this
happens despite the difficulties in articulating exactly why we have these
attitudes and responses in the first place. In fact, despite it being somewhat
mysterious why swearing bothers us so much, inappropriate swearing tends to be
dealt with confidently and firmly, And sometimes, this results in injustice.
6.
Finally-at least, the final aggravating factor that we will consider in this
incomplete list-repetition can increase the offensiveness of swearing. Perhaps
this is because repeated swearing strikes us as more likely to be deliberate,
and more likely to indicate that the swearer is working really hard to offend.
7.
Who is doing the swearing can make a difference to its offensive-ness. If
you're the sort of person who is (expected to be) a model of politeness and
decorum, you have greater capacity to shock and offend by swearing.
8.
What about swearing in front of other people's children? This, too, is viewed
as objectionable, yet we are not responsible for parenting other people’s
children.
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